Africa's booming cities face a severe toilet shortage as decades-old public facilities crumble under the pressure of growing populations

The darkening clouds are ominous for many in this urban neighborhood, promising rushing rainwaters stinking of human waste from overflowing septic tanks.

As Africa faces a population boom unmatched anywhere in the world, millions of people are moving to fast-growing cities while decades-old public facilities crumble under the pressure.

Sewage is a scourge for residents of this community on the outskirts of Uganda's capital, Kampala. There are no public toilets for some 1,200 people. Mud tinged with feces washes into homes during heavy rains.
Angelo Kwitonda, a sewage engineer with the government, said: 'Less than 50 percent of the fecal sludge generated in Kampala safely reaches a waste treatment plant. The rest of the volume is kept in our homes.'
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